This strategy paper, published by the Van Vollenhoven Institute and Cordaid, presents policy and programming recommendations for practitioners and policy makers following an applied socio-legal research trajectory, carried out among communities and institutions in two districts in Afghanistan and several counties in South Sudan. The research explored people’s concerns and conceptions, responses and remedies, as well as potential synergies between the strategies of state and non-state actors, regarding the access to primary justice in insecure contexts.