This report, by the Institute on Statelessness and Inclusion together with the Norwegian Refugee Council, compiles findings from a research project in Syria on statelessness of children and gaps in protection of stateless refugees. The findings fed into the development of a practical Toolkit. The Toolkit is designed to help CSOs working with refugees to understand statelessness and how to ensure better protection of stateless persons, with the goal of preventing and reducing statelessness in the long-term. The Toolkit is available in English (and soon also in Arabic) at www.syrianationality.org.